Hair waving apparatus



Feb. 12, 1935. w. H. H. DAVIS mm WAVING APPARATUS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIE E Filed March 13, 1934 INVENTOR VVIW/L-Iv'm H. Dav/Is & BY /@MM ATTORNEYS Feb. 12, 1935.

W. H. H. DAVIS HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed March 13, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 FIIE E Patented Feb. 12,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE trlcal heaters employed time according to operating requirements.

In utilizing permanent hair waving apparatus of the type referred to been considered advisable to utilize a fairly heavy current consumption during the initial part of the hair waving operation, and to reduce the current consumption amount of heat supplied) during the latter part of the heating period.

time, in that it quickly brings the electrical heaters to a steaming temperature, and also minimizes the possibility of injury undue heating. In the past such heat control has been effected at the will of the operator, by varying a current-controlling rheostat, or by cutting in resistors or impedances in the electrical circuit. Such operation is subject to the disadvantage that it requires part of the operator, aside from the fact that a careless or unskilled operator may not reduce the current properly.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a'hair waving apparatus of the above type which will serve to automatically reduce the current supplied to the heaters during a heating or steaming operation. In

invention is characterized by utmost simplicity of operation, and by provision enabling compensating adjustments in accordance with the number of heaters being employed.

A further object of the invention is to provide means'which will definitely warn an operator when an excessive current is being supplied to the hair waving heaters.

panying drawings.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front view ing the present invention, the apparatus in this particular instancebeing portable and being incorporated in a suitable Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional detail taken along the line 2-2 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional detail taken along the line 3-3of Fig. 5.

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS William H. H. Davis, San Francisco, Calif., as-

signor to United States Appliance Corporation, San Francisco, Calif., a corporation of California Application March 13, 1934, Serial No. 715,271

Claims. (Cl. 219-424) Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional detail taken along the line 44 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional detail taken along the line 5--5 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram, schematically illustrating the working parts of the apparatus.

My apparatus can best be explained by first referring to the schematic showing of Fig. 6. Thus, in this instance, there is an electrical circuit 10 adapted to be connected to the current supply lines L1 and L2, and also adapted to include hair waving heaters associated with the output lines L3 and L4. The circuit 10 includes a suitable current indicator 11, such as an ammeter, and an overload device 12. The overload device is preferably one which will repeatedly open and close its contacts in the event the current flowing through the same exceeds a predetermined value. Likewise included in the circuit are the time switches 13 and 14, and the resistors 16 and 1'7. Resistor 16 is of fixed value, while resistor 1'7 is adjustable or variable. These resistors are serially connected together and are placed serially in the circuit 10 upon closing of the contacts of time switch 13. The contacts of time switch 14 are connected in shunt with the terminals of resistor 17, so that when the contacts are closed resistor 16 is shunted out.

Briefly, each of the time switches 13 and 14 includes clockwork mechanism and switch contacts tripped to open position by the clockwork mechanism. The clockwork mechanism of the time switch 13 is indicated as being set by a manually-rotatable knob 18. Both of the time switches are associated with a common manual control 19, such as will be presently explained.

In the particular embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, the circuit 10 and the parts associated with the same have been mounted within a suitable portable box or cabinet 21. Thus, mounted upon the rear face of the front instrument panel 23 are the time switches 13a and 14a. Likewise, this panel serves as a mounting for the meter lla and the overload device 12a. Mounted upon one end wall of the box are the receptacles 26 and 27, by means of which connections can be made to a source of current and to the electrical hair waving heaters respectively. The variable resistor 17a is carried by a rear panel 28, adjacent which the fixed resistor 16a also is mounted. The indicating face of meter 11a is visible from the front of the panel 23 and is provided with graduations 29 within its operating range.

The overload device 12a may vary as to type may vary from time to above, it has commonly (and thus reduce the Such operation saves to the hair by virtue of careful attention on the attaining this object the of apparatus incorporatcabinet.

and construction, dependent upon operating requirements or price limitations. As illustrated, it consists of an arm 31 formed of spring metal, carried by a fulcrum 32 and having an electrical contact 33 secured to its free end. Contact 33 cooperates with relatively stationary contact 34. The relatively short oifset arm portion 36 of lever 31 is connected toone end of the wire 37, the other end of which is anchored to a fixed support 38. The tension of spring 39 serves to oppose the tension of wire 37, so that while wire 37 serves to normally retain contacts 33 and 34 in engagement, spring 39 tends to urge the contacts apart upon expansion of wire 37. Wire 37 is connected in series with electrical contacts 33 and 34, and is heated in accordance with current flow through the same. Since it has a substantial temperature coefiicient of expansion, at a predetermined current value the wire will be elongated sufiiciently to cause the contacts to be opened by spring 39.

The particular types of time switches 13a and 14a illustrated are similar in detail construction. Thus, time switch 13a consists of a housing 41 carrying the operating parts of the mechanism,

' with an oscillating switch lever 42 extending from the housing. A rotatable shaft 43likewise extends from the housing, and is provided on its outer end, on the. front of the instrument panel, with the operating knob 18a. Time switch 14a is likewise provided with a switch lever 44, corresponding to the lever 42, and with a rotatable shaft 46 corresponding to the shaft 43 of time switch 13a. The ends of switch levers 42 and 44 are connected together by link 47. Another link 48 has its one end connected to lever 42, and its other end provided with a pin and slot connection 49 to the arm 50. Arm 50 is in turn fixed to shaft 46. A knob 51 is likewise secured to the switch lever 42, at 52, and is accessible from the front of panel 23.

Time switches of the type indicated are known in the art and are available upon the open market. Referring particularly to time switch 13a, as shaft 43 or knob 18a is rotated in a clockwise direction, as indicated in Fig. 1, a spring motor is wound or tensioned. Upon release of knob 18a the spring motor returns shaft 43 to its initial position at a controlled rate governed by escapement mechanism. The time required for knob 18a to return to its initial position is dependent on the extent to which it has been initially rotated. Thus, referring to Fig. 1, a graduated scale co-operating with a pointer carried by knob 18a may indicate the time period of operation in minutes. If, immediately after asetting of knob 18a, lever 42 is swung to the right, as viewed in Fig. 2, and then permitted to return to its initial position, the contacts of the timing switch 13a are closed and will remain closed until the knob 18a has returned to its initial position by the spring motor. Movement of switch lever 42, by motion transmitted through link 47, also serves to swing lever 44 to close the contacts of timing switch 14a. Likewise, motion transmitted through link 48 causes arm 50 and shaft 46 to be rotated a given angular amount, to wind the associated spring motor. However, for successive operations of the switch lever 42, shaft 46 will always be rotated a given angular amount. Therefore the time interval for automatically opening the contacts of timing switch 14a will always be the same for each operation of the switch lever 42.

The Variable resistor 17a can obviously be constructed with a variety of detail. In the construction illustrated, serially connected resistance wires 53 are tapped to the contacts 54. These contacts are engaged by contact arm 56, which in turn is carried by a rotatable shaft 57. The shaft 57 extends through the front panel 23, and is provided with an operating knob 58. The fixed resistor 16a canlikewise vary as to detail, but in the form illustrated consists of a coil resistance conductor carried by a refractory core.

Operation of the apparatus is as follows:- Assuming that a desired number of electrical hair waving heaters have been connected together and have been plugged into the receptacle 27, and that a proper source of current supply has been plugged into receptacle 26, the operator first turns knob 18a in a clockwise direction for an amount depending upon the total length of heating period desired. Operating knob 51 is then moved to the left, as viewed in Fig. 1, and thereafter is permitted to return to its initial position. This operation closes, the contacts of both time switches and winds the spring motor of time switch 14a. Knob 58 is then turned to a setting which will afiord a proper indication of meter 11a; In the event knob 58 is turned to such an adjustment as to supply a dangerous amount of current, the overload device 12a immediately interrupts the current supply, andrepeated subsequent closing and opening of contacts 33 and 34 causes the needle of meter 11a to swing between zero and maximum positions to warn the operator. After a predetermined period of time following commencement of the heating operation, say about four minutes, timing switch 14a opens its contacts, to remove the shunt about fixed resistor 16a. Thereafter the heating continues at a substantially lower current value. t the end of the heating operation the contacts of timing switch 130, are tripped open, to discontinue further supply of current. Iclaim: 1. In hair waving apparatus for controlling supply of current to a plurality of electrical hair waving heaters, an electrical circuit adapted to include said heaters and also adapted to be connected to a source of current supply, a switch included in said circuit foropening and closing the same, a pair of resistors serially included in said circuit, a second switch serving when closed to shut out one of said resistors, timing mechanism for effecting opening of said switches-after timed intervals, and manuallyoperated means including a single operating member for closing both said switches in unison.

2. In hair waving apparatus for controllin supply of current to a plurality of electrical hair waving heaters, an electricalcircuit adapted to include said heaters and also adapted to be connected to 'a source of current supply, a switch included in said circuit for opening or closing the same, a pair of resistors serially included in said circuit, a second switch serving when closed to shut out one of said resistors, manually-operated means including a single operating member for closing both said switches in unison, and timing mechanisms for effecting successive opening of said switches;

3. In hair waving apparatus for controlling supply of current to a plurality-of electrical hair waving heaters, an electrical circuit adaptedto include said heaters and also adapted to be connected to a source of current supplyya switch included in said circuit and serving to open and close the same, a pair of resistors serially included in said circuit, one of said resistors being adjustable, a second switch serving when closed to shut out the other one of said resistors, manually-operated means including a single operating member for closing both said switches in unison, and duplicate timing mechanisms for effecting successive opening thereof, one of said timing mechanisms being initiated into operation by closing of said switches.

4. In hair waving apparatus for controlling supply of current to a plurality of electrical hair waving heaters, an electrical circuit adapted to include said heaters and also adapted to be connected to a source of current supply, a pair of resistors serially included in said circuit, one of said resistors being adjustable, a switch serving when closed to shut out the other one of said resistors, another switch included in said circuit and serving to open or close the same, manually-operated means including a single operating member for closing both said switches in unison, timing mechanism initiated into operation upon closing of said switches and serving to effect opening of said second-named switch after a predetermined period of time, and adjustable timing mechanism serving to efiect opening of said first-named switch after a period of time dependent upon the setting thereof.

5. In hair waving apparatus for controlling supply of current to a plurality of electrical hair waving heaters, an electrical circuit adapted to include said heaters and also adapted to be connected to a source'of current supply, a current indicating meter included in said circuit, a variable resistor serially included in the circuit whereby the current supplied to the heaters can be varied, and an overload device serially included in said circuit and serving to periodically interrupt the same in the event the current exceeds a predetermined value.

WILLIAM H. H. DAVIS. 

